Understanding 14 CFR 61.87: Requirements for a Student Pilot to Solo
For student pilots, the first solo flight is a significant milestone in their aviation journey. To reach this stage, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has outlined specific requirements under 14 CFR 61.87. These regulations ensure that student pilots possess the necessary knowledge, skills, and proficiency to operate an aircraft safely on their own.
This article breaks down the requirements into manageable sections and includes a chart categorizing these elements into knowledge and flight maneuvers.
Overview of 14 CFR 61.87
Under 14 CFR 61.87, student pilots must demonstrate competency in various areas before soloing. These requirements are grouped into:
- Aeronautical Knowledge
- Pre-Solo Flight Training
- Endorsements
Key Requirements for a Student Pilot to Solo
1. Aeronautical Knowledge
Before a student pilot can solo, they must pass a pre-solo aeronautical knowledge test developed by their flight instructor. This test evaluates understanding of:
- Applicable sections of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs)
- Airspace rules and procedures for the specific airport
- Flight characteristics and operational limitations of the aircraft
The instructor will review incorrect answers with the student to ensure mastery of the material.
2. Pre-Solo Flight Training
A student pilot must receive and log flight training for specific maneuvers and operations. This training ensures the pilot can safely operate the aircraft under various conditions.
3. Endorsements
The flight instructor must endorse the student’s logbook, certifying they are prepared for solo flight. These endorsements include:
- Acknowledgment of satisfactory pre-solo training
- Approval for the specific make and model of aircraft
- Additional endorsements if the solo flight involves specific airspace or airports
Chart: Requirements for Student Pilot Solo under 14 CFR 61.87
| Category | Requirement |
|---|---|
| Aeronautical Knowledge | Pass a pre-solo written test covering FARs, airspace, and aircraft-specific operations. |
| Flight Maneuvers | |
| – Normal and Crosswind Takeoffs | Demonstrate proficiency in smooth and controlled takeoffs, including handling crosswinds. |
| – Straight-and-Level Flight | Maintain heading, altitude, and airspeed accurately. |
| – Climbs and Descents | Perform climbs and descents at controlled rates with proper coordination. |
| – Turns (Including Steep Turns) | Execute standard and steep turns while maintaining altitude and airspeed. |
| – Stall Recovery | Recover safely from power-on and power-off stalls. |
| – Emergency Procedures | Respond appropriately to simulated emergencies, such as engine failure or electrical issues. |
| – Traffic Pattern Operations | Navigate the traffic pattern and perform go-arounds as necessary. |
| Knowledge of Procedures | |
| – Radio Communications | Use proper radio phraseology and procedures for the specific airport. |
| – Understanding Airspace | Comprehend the rules and requirements for controlled and uncontrolled airspace. |
| – Preflight Inspections | Conduct thorough preflight inspections to ensure airworthiness. |
| – Postflight Procedures | Follow appropriate postflight procedures, including securing the aircraft. |
Preparing for the First Solo Flight
To meet these requirements, student pilots should work closely with their instructors, asking questions and practicing maneuvers until they feel confident. Logging consistent training hours and reviewing aeronautical knowledge regularly are essential steps.
Instructors play a pivotal role in ensuring the student’s readiness for solo flight. Their endorsements signify that the student meets or exceeds the safety and proficiency standards outlined in 14 CFR 61.87.
Final Thoughts
The path to solo flight is challenging but immensely rewarding. By adhering to the FAA’s requirements under 14 CFR 61.87, student pilots lay a strong foundation for their aviation careers. With the right training, knowledge, and determination, the milestone of a first solo flight is well within reach.
If you’re a student pilot, take this opportunity to work diligently with your instructor, master the fundamentals, and achieve this unforgettable milestone.